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, , Websites244connectionsJoin LinkedIn & access Marcus's full profileJoin LinkedIn & access Marcus's full profile. It's free!As a LinkedIn member, you'll join 300 million other professionals who are sharing connections, ideas, and opportunities.See who you know in commonGet introducedContact Marcus directly244connectionsLund UniversityAssociate ProfessorDecember 2012 – Present
BackgroundExperienceAssociate ProfessorPerforming research on thermal power plants. Performing experimental and theoretical research on the design and modelling of different thermal cycles by means of Heat and Mass Balance Programs (HMBPs). The focus of the research is largely on increasing the thermodynamic and aerodynamic knowledge of wet gas turbine cycles and especially the evaporative gas turbine cycle also known as the Humid Air Turbine (HAT). Teaching at M.Sc. and Ph.D. level and Ph.D. supervisor.Senior LecturerResearch on thermal power plants. Performing experimental and theoretical research on the design and modelling of different thermal cycles by means of Heat and Mass Balance Programs (HMBPs). The focus of the research is largely on increasing the thermodynamic and aerodynamic knowledge of wet gas turbine cycles and especially the evaporative gas turbine cycle also known as the Humid Air Turbine (HAT). Teaching at M.Sc. and Ph.D. level and Ph.D. supervisor.ConsultantSystem EngineerI worked at the mechanical engineering department where I worked with mechanical systems vital for the propulsion and mechanical integrity of the submarine. In my role as a systems engineer I came in contact with several different types of mechanical engineering systems in submarines that have required both thermodynamic knowledge and knowledge of unit operations.Performance engineerResponsible for the engine performance and engine evaluation of the SGT-700 gas turbine engine.PhDLTHThe focus of my research as a Ph.D. student was the performance of wet gas turbine cycles and especially the Evaporative Gas Turbine Cycle (EvGT) or the Humid Air Turbine (HAT) as it is also referred to. During my Ph.D. studies I studied the influence of parameters vital to the wet gas turbine cycle performance. This includes the study of humidification processes in the humidification tower which is a vital component in the Evaporative Gas Turbine Cycle. My studies were both theoretical and experimental and I performed experimental investigations in the Evaporative Gas Turbine pilot plant.PublicationsJournal of postdoctoral researchNew technology requirements derived from the exploitation of novelenergy resources, and the needs for improvement of the energy efficiency of currentpower generation systems are pushing the industry towards the search ofalternative working fluids. The great challenge for these non-conventional fluidsis to provide satisfactory performances and fill the existing lack of media forsome innovative energy applications. In this review a number of emergingworking fluids for thermal power generation are presented. Also, a specialemphasis is devoted to the discussion about new promising fluids, such asnanofluids or ionic liquids, that could be an important breakdown for powergeneration in the near future. Authors:, Aerodynamic considerations in the thermodynamic analysis of organic rankine cyclesProceedings of the ASME 2014 Power ConferenceDue to the increasing interest of producing power from renewable and non-conventional resources, organic Rankine cycles are finding their place in today’s thermal energy mix. The main influencers on the efficiency of an organic Rankine cycle are the working fluid and the expander. Therefore most of the research done up to date turns around the selection of the best performance working media and the optimization of the expansion unit design. However, few studies consider the interaction of the working fluids in the turbine design, and how this fact can affect the overall thermodynamic cycle analysis. In this work we aim at including the aerodynamic behavior of the working fluids and their effect on the turbine efficiency in the thermodynamic analysis of an organic Rankine cycle. To that end, we proposed a method for the estimation of the characteristics of an axial in-flow turbine in an organic Rankine cycle simulation model. A set of candidate working fluids composed of selected organofluorines and organochlorines was chosen for the analysis. The thermophysical properties of the fluids were estimated with the equations of state implemented in Refprop. Results on the energy and exergy overall performances of the cycle were analyzed for a case study with standard source and sink temperatures. For each fluid the number of stages and geometry of the turbine were optimized. It was observed that some working fluids that could initially be considered as advantageous from a thermodynamic point of view, had an unfavorable impact on the turbine efficiency, thus increasing the irreversibilities of the cycle. We concluded that if the influence of the working fluid on the turbine performance is underestimated, the real performance of the organic Rankine cycle could show unexpected deviations from the theoretical results.Authors:, , Journal of postdoctoral researchIncreasing efforts to produce power from renewable resources and improve the efficiency of current industrial processes have turned the spotlight on organic Rankine cycles (ORC). The use of refrigerant mixtures in these cycles offers a wide range of possibilities for fluid selection and optimization. Moreover, zeotropic mixtures are reported to yield better cycle performances due to their better thermal match with the source and sink streams. In this work a new IPSEpro&# library for the simulation of power cycles using binary mixtures was developed. With this library the working fluid can be defined as the mixture of any pair of suitable fluids contained in the Refprop database.Authors:, Journal of Mechanical Science and TechnologyAuthors:, , Ali Ghaffari, S.Hossein SadatiEnergiesAuthors:, , Ali GhaffariAerodynamic analysis of a humid air turbine expanderASME Conf. ProcThis paper presents a reduced-order through-flow expander design for the Humid Air Turbine (HAT) also called the Evaporative Gas Turbine (EvGT). The HAT cycle is an innovative gas turbine cycle that uses humid air to enhance efficiency and power output. This means that there will be a higher water vapour content in the exhaust gases than for a simple cycle. This high water content affects the design of the HAT expander. The design of a wet expander is presented and compared with the results obtained with an expander working under dry exhaust gas conditions.The study was conducted using the reduced-order turbine design tool LUAX-T, developed at Lund University, which is freely available for academic use upon request. LUAX-T allows a flowpath analysis of the expander by specifying important flow-path parameters such as blade root stress and wall-hade angle. The HAT cycle enables cooling flow to the expander under different conditions and design differences for three different options are presented. The first cooling air bleeding point evaluated is the original position, where air is bled from the compressor discharge. The second position is just before the humidification tower, where the air has been cooled down to a low temperature. The third position is just after the humidification tower, where the air has been humidified thus changing its thermodynamic properties. Results in this paper shows that there is a need for an additional turbine stage in a humid expander compared to a dry expander. There are also results indicating that the compressor power can be reduced depending on which cooling strategy is used which can yield an increased total efficiency for a HAT cycle.Authors:, Bj?rn Nyberg, Efficient operation of a gas turbine on methanol using chemical recuperationASME Conf. Proc.Environmental and political concerns, together with new legislations, are pushing for a fuel shift in the power industry and more generally for many thermal applications. Adding to the coming decrease of oil and natural availability (or price increase), it opens avenues for new fuels. Among those, alcohols are strong candidates. In fact, short alcohols are easily produced and stored and require only moderate modifications of existing combustion systems. For example, operating an existing gas turbine (GT) on methanol requires moderate modifications (mainly in the combustion system). However, methanol can be used more efficiently. Unlike methane or other hydrocarbons that decompose at high temperature (1000 K), methanol undergoes an endothermic decomposition at low temperatures (400 K to 600 K) to give CO and H2. It therefore opens avenue for coupling the GT with a chemical recuperation system. In other words, the methanol will be cracked using the waste heat of the flue gases with a gain in fuel heating value hence the original fuel is thermally upgraded. The present study will investigate the upgraded fuel combustion properties. The laminar flame speed of the upgraded fuel/air mixtures will be presented and compared to methane and methanol under conditions relevant to GT combustion. Several upgraded fuel compositions will be considered depending on the water content in the feed methanol. Further, we consider a recuperated micro GT (Turbec T100) based cycle fueled with methanol. The numerical study focuses on different thermodynamic cycles. Firstly, a reference case is considered assuming a direct fueled GT. Further, cycles including the cracker are studied keeping the power constant. The fuel efficiency gain due to the cracker will be investigated as function of the water content in the feed methanol. Finally, a case including CO2-removal will be presented and it will be shown that the cracker enables an efficient carbon capture and sequestration scheme. Authors:, , Bj?rn NybergJournal of Applied EnergyThe electric power grid contains more and more renewable power production such as wind and solar power. The use of renewable power sources increases the fluctuations in the power grid which increase the demand for highly efficient, fast-starting power-producing units that can cope with sudden production losses. One of the more innovative power plant cycles, that have the potential of competing with conventional combined power plants in efficiency but has a higher availability and faster start up time, is the Evaporative Gas Turbine (EvGT) or Humid Air Turbine (HAT). A thermodynamic evaluation of different HAT-cycle layouts has been done in this paper. Each layout is evaluated separately which makes it possible to study different components individual contribution to the efficiency and specific power. The thermodynamic evaluation also shows that it is important to look at different cool-flow extracting positions. The effect of water temperature entering the cycle, called make-up water, and where it is introduced into the cycle has been evaluated. The make-up water temperature also affects the optimal pressure level for intercooling and it is shown that an optimal position can be decided considering design parameters of the compressor and the water circuit.Authors:, Bj?rn NybergJournal of Applied EnergyModern power plants are all strongly dependent on reliable and accurate sensor readings for monitoring and control, thus making sensors an important part of any plant. Failing sensors can force a plant or component into non-optimal operation, cause complete shut-down of operation or in the worst case result in damage to components. Given their importance, sensors need regular calibration and maintenance, a time-consuming and therefore costly process. In this paper a method is presented for evaluating sensor accuracy which aims to minimize the need for calibration and at the same time avoid shut-downs due to sensor faults etc. The proposed method is based on training artificial neural networks as classifiers to recognize sensor drifts. The method is evaluated on two types of gas turbines, i.e., one single-shaft and one twin-shaft machine. The results show the method is capable of early detection of sensor drifts for both types of machines as well as accurate production of soft measurements. The findings suggest that the use of artificial neural networks for sensor validation could contribute to more cost-effective maintenance as well as to increased availability and reliability of power plants.Conceptual Design of a Mid-Sized, Semi-closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycleASME Conf. Proc.This paper presents the study of a mid-sized semi-closed oxyfuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) with net power output around 108 MW. The paper describes not only the power balance and the performance of the SCOC-CC, but also the conceptual design of the SCOC turbine and compressor. A model has been built in the commercial heat and mass balance code IPSEpro to estimate the efficiency of semi-closed dual pressure oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle using natural gas as a fuel. In order to obtain the real physical properties of the working fluids in IPSEpro, the code was linked to the NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP). The oxy-fuel turbine was modeled with the in-house Lund University package LUAX-T. Important features such as stage loading, loss modeling, cooling and geometric features were included to generate more accurate results. The oxy-fuel compressor has been modeled using a Chalmers university in-house tool for conceptual design of axial compressors. The conceptual design of the SCOC-CC process has a net efficiency of 47 %. The air separation unit and CO2 compression reduce the cycle efficiency by 10 and 2 percentage points, respectively. A single-shaft configuration was selected for the gas turbine simplicity. The rotational speed chosen was 5200 rpm and the turbine was designed with four stages. All stage preliminary design parameters are within ranges of established industrial M the stage must be lightly loaded in terms of pressure ratio to maintain the exit Mach number below 0.6. The compressor is designed with 18 stages. The current value of the product of the annulus area and the blade rotational speed squared (AN2) was calculated and found to be 40×106. Authors:, Majed Sammak, , , Egil Thorbergsson, , Adrian DahlquistEnergy Conversion and ManagementThe evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) pilot plant has been in operation at Lund University in Sweden since 1997. This project has led to improved knowledge of evaporative techniques and the concept of introducing fuel into gas turbines by evaporation. This results in, amongst others, power augmentation, efficiency increase and lower emissions. This article presents the experimental and theoretical results of the evaporation of a mixture of ethanol and water into an air stream at elevated pressures and temperatures. A theoretical model has been established for the simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurring in the ethanol humidification tower. The theoretical model has been validated through experiments at several operating conditions. It has been shown that the air, water and ethanol can be calculated throughout the column in a satisfactory way. The height of the column can be estimated within an error of 15% compared with measurements. The results from the model are most sensitive to the properties of diffusion coefficient, viscosity, thermal conductivity and activity coefficient due to the complexity of the polar gas mixture of water and air.Authors:, Torbj?rn Lindquist, Tord TorissonThermo-Economic Evaluation of Bio-Ethanol Humidification EvGT CycleASME Conf. ProcThe proposed bio-ethanol evaporation technology provides fuel for a Humid Air Turbine by evaporating bio-ethanol into the compressor discharge air. This evaporation process creates a combustible gas that is led to the combustor as the primary fuel. The bio-ethanol used in the process has not been distilled. The bio-ethanol is supplied to the process as a mash, i.e. a mix of water and ethanol with low concentration of ethanol. To extract the ethanol from the mash, energy is required. In this process, low-level heat from the gas turbine cycle is used for the separation process.
All power cycles studied have been modeled in IPSEproTM, a heat and mass balance software, using advanced component models developed by the authors. An equilibrium model is used to model the behavior of the evaporation of ethanol and water into an air stream. A correction parameter has been introduced into the equilibrium model to account for the deviation from equilibrium. This parameter has been validated through experimental work on the Evaporative Gas Turbine pilot plant.
The evaporation technology can be used with different types of cycle configurations attaining electrical efficiencies of 29% for a simple version of a Humid Air Turbine. The Humid Air Turbine can sustain a combustor outlet temperature of 1100°C without supplementary firing. The proposed cycle configuration also shows to be an economically viable alternative to direct fired Rankine cycle.Authors:, Torbj?rn Lindquist, Tord TorissonThe Ethanol and Water Humidification Process in EvGT CyclesASME Conf. ProcSimultaneous heat and mass transfer inside the ethanol humidification tower drives a mixture of ethanol and water into the compressor discharge air. To investigate the evaporation of a binary mixture into air at elevated pressures and temperatures, a test facility was constructed and integrated into the evaporative gas turbine pilot-plant. The concentration of ethanol in the mash is not constant but depends on the sugar content in the feedstock used in the fermentation process. Tests were therefore conducted at different concentrations of ethanol in the ethanol-water mixture. Tests were also performed at different temperature and flow conditions to establish the influence of these parameters on the lower heating value of the produced low calorific gas.
It has been shown that this technology extracts about 80% of the ethanol from the mash. It has also been shown that the composition of the resulting gas depends on the temperatures, flow rates and composition of the incoming streams. The tests have shown that the produced gas has a lower heating value between of 1.8 to 3.8 MJ/kg. The produced gas with heating values in the upper range is possible to use as fuel in the gas turbine without any pilot flame. Initial models of the ethanol humidification process have been established and the initial test results have been used for validating developed models.
Authors:, Torbj?rn Lindquist, Tord TorissonTrigeneration: Thermodynamic Performance and Cold Expander Aerodynamic Design in Humid Air TurbinesASME Conf. Proc. GT2003Improving plant electrical efficiency has been addressed as the most convenient measure to reduce, e.g. CO2 emissions from power plants. Increasing fuel utilization by combined heat and power generation is another powerful measure for emission reduction. The tri-generation technology for production of heat, power and cooling is an interesting alternative for further improvement of fuel utilization. Previous studies at department of Heat and Power Engineering in Lund, Sweden, have shown that wet cycles are the best candidates with high potential to achieve fuel utilization higher than 100%, based on the fuel's lower heating value [1, 2, 8]. Beside high fuel utilization, tri-generation technology can produce cooling without use of harmful cooling agents.
The basic principle of trigeneration is to interrupt the expansion at an elevated pressure level and extract heat from the working medium. The final expansion then takes place at low temperature admission levels resulting in very cold temperature at the turbine exhaust.
In this paper results from both thermodynamic analysis of the humid air turbine concept in conjunction with the tri-generation, and the expander design criterion, needed for realization of the last section of the expander are presented.
The thermodynamic study gives the boundary conditions for the cold turbine design. Optimum inlet condition to the cold expander is a pressure of 2 to 3 bar and temperature of 47°C. This may put serious loading constraints to the final cold expander design due to Mach- and Reynolds number effects. This problem is investigated in the paper and a detailed study of the achievable aerodynamic loading and efficiency levels are presented, using a mid-span and SCM-throughflow approach.
This paper will address the cycle performance and the cold turbine aerodynamic limitations to the thermodynamic optima.Authors:, , Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of a Plate Heat Exchanger Aftercooler in an Evaporative Gas Turbine CycleASME Conf. Proc.The evaporative gas turbine pilot plant (EvGT) has been in operation at Lund Institute of Technology in Sweden since 1997. This article presents the experimental and theoretical results of the latest process modifications made, i.e. the effect of the installation of an aftercooler.
The installation of an aftercooler lowers the temperature of the air entering the humidification tower. This also lowers the temperature of the circulating humidification water, which facilitates the extraction of more low-level heat from the economizer. This low-level heat can be utilized to evaporate more water in the humidification tower and thus increase the gas flow in the expander. The pilot plant has been operated at different loads and the measured results has been evaluated and compared with theoretical models. The performance of a plate heat exchanger in power plant applications has also been evaluated. Experience from the measurements has then been used for the potential cycle calculations.
It has been shown that the aftercooler lowers the flue gas temperature in the pilot plant to 93C, the rate of humidification was increased from 13 wt% to 14.5 wt%, and the pressure drop on the airside in the aftercooler is 1.6%. The electrical efficiency for the pilot plant was increased by 0.4%. The increase in electrical efficiency for a more advanced EvGT cycle with an intercooler, aftercooler and economizer will be around 3.5 percentage units in comparison with a cycle without an aftercooler.
The plate heat exchanger showed very good performance in terms of cost, size, pressure drop and thermal efficiency. An alternative to the chosen heat exchanger is the tubular one, but it is 10 times heavier, has a higher pressure drop and is more expensive. The aftercooler increases the electrical efficiency significantly by lowering the flue gas temperature and increasing the expander work.Authors:, Torbj?rn Lindquist, Tord TorissonExperimental and theoretical results of a humidification tower in an Evaporative Gas Turbine cycleASME Conf. ProcThe Evaporative Gas Turbine Pilot Plant has been in operation at Lund Institute of Technology in Sweden since 1997. In this cycle low-grade heat in the flue gases is utilized for water evaporation into the compressed air in the humidification tower. This result in, amongst others, power augmentation, efficiency increase and lower emissions. This article presents the experimental and theoretical results of the humidification tower, in which simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurs.
A theoretical model has been established for the simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurring in the humidification tower and it has been validated with experiments. The humidification tower in the pilot plant can be operated at several operating conditions. An after-cooler makes it possible to chill the compressor discharge air before entering the humidification tower. The saturation temperature of the incoming compressed air can thereby be varied from 62 to 105C at the operating pressure of 8 bar(a).
It has been shown that the air and water can be calculated throughout the column in a satisfactory way. The height of the column can be estimated with an error of 10% compared with measurements. The results from the model are most sensitive of the properties of the diffusion coefficient, viscosity and thermal conductivity due to the complexity of the polar gas mixture of water and air.Authors:, Torbj?rn Lindquist, Tord TorissonLanguagesEnglishSkillsR&DEngineeringEnergyMatlabThermodynamicsSystems AnalysisPythonTurbomachineryUncertainty AnalysisGas TurbinesMechanical EngineeringModelingRenewable EnergyResearchFluid MechanicsPower GenerationHeat TransferFluid DynamicsSimulationsPropulsionAnalysisProcess EngineeringThermalFortranCFDNumerical AnalysisEducationPh.D., Energy engineering, Power plantM. Sc., Pauliskolan Malmö
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People Also ViewedAssociate Professor at Lund UniversityProfessor at Lund UniversityProfessor in Gas Technology at University of StavangerTurbiningenj?r p? AlstomAssociate Professor at Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Chairman and President of Europe Power Solutions ABDevelopment Engineer Thermodynamics at Alstom PowerPerformance Calculation Engineer at Alstom PowerPhD Candidate p? Lund UniversityProfessor, Director of Doctoral Studies at Lund UniversityAss. Professor at Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC)
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