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【求助】希望哪位大侠帮忙下一篇英文文献
【求助】希望哪位大侠帮忙下一篇英文文献
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大侠帮帮忙,文章名称是From Enzymes to “Designer Bugs” in Reductive Amination: A New Process for the Synthesis of L-tert-Leucine Using a Whole Cell-Catalyst,十万火急啊!新手上路帮帮忙啊!谢谢了啦
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回复:【求助】希望哪位大侠帮忙下一篇英文文献
分享到哪里?
你好,做出来了吗?分享一下吧
回复:【求助】希望哪位大侠帮忙下一篇英文文献
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关于丁香园我有一篇数学论文(英语的),谁能帮我翻译一下。
我有一篇数学论文(英语的),谁能帮我翻译一下。 5
Mathematical model
A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology, and electrical engineering) but also in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science); physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists use mathematical models most extensively.
Eykhoff (1974) defined a mathematical model as 'a representation of the essential aspects of an existing system (or a system to be constructed) which presents knowledge of that system in usable form'.
Mathematical models can take many forms, including but not limited to dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, or game theoretic models. These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving a variety of abstract structures.
· 1 Examples of mathematical models
· 2 Background
· 3 Building blocks
· 4 Classifying mathematical models
· 5 A priori information
o 5.1 Subjective information
· 6 Complexity
· 7 Training
· 8 Model evaluation
o 8.1 Fit to empirical data
o 8.2 Scope of the model
o 8.3 Philosophical considerations
· 9 See also
· 10 References
· 11 Further reading
· 12 External links
Population Growth. A simple (though approximate) model of population growth is the Malthusian growth model. The preferred population growth model is the logistic function.
· Model of a particle in a potential-field. In this model we consider a particle as being a point of mass m which describes a trajectory which is modeled by a function x : R → R3 given its coordinates in space as a function of time. The potential field is given by a function V:R3 → R and the trajectory is a solution of the differential equation
Note this model assumes the particle is a point mass, which is certainly known to be false in many cases we use this model, for example, as a model of planetary motion.
· Model of rational behavior for a consumer. In this model we assume a consumer faces a choice of n commodities labeled 1,2,...,n each with a market price p1, p2,..., pn. The consumer is assumed to have a cardinal utility function U (cardinal in the sense that it assigns numerical values to utilities), depending on the amounts of commodities x1, x2,..., xn consumed. The model further assumes that the consumer has a budget M which she uses to purchase a vector x1, x2,..., xn in such a way as to maximize U(x1, x2,..., xn). The problem of rational behavior in this model then becomes an optimization problem, that is:
subject to:
This model has been used in general equilibrium theory, particularly to show existence and Pareto optimality of economic equilibria. However, the fact that this particular formulation assigns numerical values to levels of satisfaction is the source of criticism (and even ridicule). However, it is not an essential ingredient of the theory and again this is an idealization.
· Neighbour-sensing model explains the mushroom formation from the initially chaotic fungal network.
不区分大小写匿名
的数学模型,采用数学语言来描述一个系统。数学模型用于不仅是在自然科学和工程学科(如物理学,生物学,地球科学,气象学,以及电气工程) ,而且在社会科学(如经济学,心理学,社会学和政治学) ;物理学家,工程师,计算机科学家,经济学家使用的数学模型最广泛。
Eykhoff ( 1974 )定义了一个数学模型,为'代表权的重要方面现有的系统(或系统建造) ,其中提出了知识的系统在使用形式。
数学模型可采取多种形式,包括但不限于动力系统,统计模型,微分方程,或博弈模型。这些和其他类型的模型可以重叠,在特定的模式涉及各种抽象的结构。
? ? 1款的例子数学模型
? ? 2背景
? ?第3积木
? ?第4分类的数学模型
? ? 5先验信息
? 5.1主观信息
? ? 6日的复杂性
? ? 7日训练
? ? 8日评价模型
? 8.1适合的经验数据
? 8.2的范围模型
? 8.3哲学思考
? ? 9见也
? ? 10个参考
? ? 11日进一步阅读
? ? 12个外部链接
人口的增长。一个简单的(虽然近似)模型的人口增长率是马尔萨斯的增长模式。首选的人口增长模式是后勤职能。
? ?模型的粒子在一个潜在场。在此模型中,我们认为粒子是一个点的大规模米描述的轨迹是由一个模拟功能x :遥控? ?鉴于其R3的空间坐标作为时间函数的。潜在的领域,给出了一个函数五: R3的? ? R和轨迹是一个解决微分方程
注意:此模型假设粒子是一个点的质量,这无疑是已知是虚假的在许多情况下,我们使用这个模型,例如,作为一种模式的行星运动。
? ?模型的理性行为的消费者。在此模型中我们假设一个消费者面临着选择的n商品标示1,2 ,..., ?每一个市场价格的P1 ,肠外营养的P2 ,..., 。消费者假定有一个基数效用函数铀(枢机主教的意义,它指定数值公用事业) ,根据大量的商品象X1 , x2 ,...,差分消费。该模型进一步假设,消费者的预算M ,她用来购买载体象X1 , x2 ,...,中立的方式,以最大限度地提高铀(象X1 , x2 ,...,中立) 。问题的理性行为在这个模型然后成为一个优化问题,即:
这一模式已在一般均衡理论,特别是显示存在和帕累托最优的经济平衡。然而,这一事实尤其是制定分配数值水平的满意是源的批评(甚至嘲笑) 。然而,这并不是一个必不可少的组成部分的理论,并再次这是一个理想化。
? ?邻居遥感模型解释了蘑菇编队从最初混沌真菌网络。
>> 中文(简体)
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另外,能不能提供与这篇文章《财务指标在股票投资决策中的有用性:-基于中国证券市场的实证研究》类似的文章,老师要我们写准则前与准则后财务指标与股票价格哪个更相关,但因为本人比较笨拙,连查资料都不太懂,烦请各位大家点醒,非常感谢你们。
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3.如本站转载稿涉及版权等问题,请作者及时联系本站,我们会及时处理。哪位高人能帮我翻译一下这段英文文献
无限感激(题目Interaction between two murein (peptidoglycan))_百度知道
哪位高人能帮我翻译一下这段英文文献
无限感激(题目Interaction between two murein (peptidoglycan))
SummaryThe murein (peptidoglycan) sacculus is an essential polymer embedded in the bacterial envelope. The Escherichia coli class B penicillin-binding protein(PBP) 3 is a murein transpeptidase and essential for cell division. In an affinity chromatography experiment, the bifunctional transglycosylase-transpeptidase murein synthase PBP1B was retained by PBP3-sepharose when a membrane fraction of E. coli was applied. The direct protein–protein inter-action between purified PBP3 and PBP1B was char-acterized in vitro by surface plasmon resonance. The interaction was confirmed in vivo employing two different methods:by a bacterial two-hybrid system,and by cross-linking/co-immunoprecipitation. In the bacterial two-hybrid system, a truncated PBP3 comprising the N-terminal 56 amino acids interacted with PBP1B. Both synthases could be cross-linked in vivo in wild-type cells and in cells lacking FtsW or FtsN.PBP1B localized diffusely and in foci at the septation site and also at the side wall. Statistical analysis of the immunofluorescence signals revealed that the localization of PBP1B at the septation site depended on the physical presence of PBP3, but not on the activity of PBP3. These studies have demonstrated,for the first time, a direct interaction between a class B PBP(PBP3) and a classAPBP(PBP1B) in vitro and in vivo, indicating that different murein synthases might act in concert to enlarge the murein sacculus during cell division.IntroductionThe murein sacculus represents the essential stress-bearing and shape-maintaining structure in the bacterial cell envelope. The murein synthetic reactions and the enzymes enlarging the sacculus,the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), are known . However, the precise mechanism(s) of the spatial and temporal control of the activities of the murein synthases and their interactions,required for co-ordinated wall growth, are poorly understood.
真的十分感谢!!我有急用如果有时间能不能帮我翻译 我这个号上的另一个文献 也是同以篇的一部分另外在这个号上还有部分 那个悬赏的比较高!!感激涕零~~
提问者采纳
我翻译了一小部分,仅供参考,你这个确实太长了。。。。。。题目:两个胞壁质(肽聚糖)之间的相互作用概要胞壁质(肽聚糖)球囊是一个重要的嵌入在细菌封套的聚合体。埃希氏菌属大肠杆菌类型B青霉素结合蛋白(PBP)3是一个胞壁质转肽酶,它对于细胞分裂至关重要。在一个亲和层析法实验中,二官能转糖基酶-转肽基酶胞壁质合酶PBP1B通过PBP3琼脂糖凝胶在E大肠杆菌应用时的隔膜破片被保留下来。直接的蛋白质对蛋白质的在提炼的PBP3和PBP1B的相互关系用在试管内胞质基因组的共振来表示。这种相互关系在活体内通过两种方法来确定:通过细菌的双杂交系统,和通过交叉耦合或者免疫共沉淀。
提问者评价
感谢!有时间请帮我翻译我这个号上的另一个篇,在这个号上还有部分 那个悬赏比较高!
其他类似问题
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其他2条回答
摘要该murein (肽聚糖)囊是一个重要的聚合物嵌入在细菌信封。大肠杆菌B类青霉素结合蛋白(款PBP ) 3是一个murein transpeptidase和必不可少的细胞分裂。在亲和层析实验中,双transglycosylase - transpeptidase murein合酶pbp1b被保留pbp3柱时,膜组分的大肠杆菌是应用。直接蛋白质相互之间的行动,净化pbp3和pbp1b被烧焦- acterized体外表面等离子体共振。互动证实体内雇用两种不同的方法:由一个细菌双杂交系统,并通过cross-linking/co-immunoprecipitation 。在细菌双杂交系统,截断pbp3组成的N端56个氨基酸互动pbp1b 。双方合酶可交联体内,在野生型细胞,并在细胞中缺乏ftsw或ftsn.pbp1b局部弥漫,并在灶上septation网站,并在一面墙上。统计分析,免疫荧光信号显示本地化pbp1b在septation站点依赖于实际存在的pbp3 ,但不是活性pbp3 。这些研究已显示,这是第一次,一个直接的互动, B类款PBP ( pbp3 )和一个classapbp ( pbp1b )在体外和体内,这表明不同murein合酶可能协调一致地行动,以扩大murein球囊在细胞分裂过程。 导言该murein球囊代表着至关重要的应力轴承及形状保持结构中的细菌细胞信封。该murein合成反应及酵素扩大球囊,青霉素结合蛋白( pbps ) ,是众所周知的。然而,精确的机制( s )的空间和时间的控制范围内活动的murein合酶及其相互作用,需要彼此协调,墙体增长,是了解甚少
参考资料:
上面的是人工翻译.太长了分又少了,加到100分,我帮你人工翻译.不过,你用翻译过的东西来干嘛的
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出门在外也不愁我有一篇数学论文(英语的),谁能帮我翻译一下。
我有一篇数学论文(英语的),谁能帮我翻译一下。 5
Mathematical model
A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology, and electrical engineering) but also in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science); physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists use mathematical models most extensively.
Eykhoff (1974) defined a mathematical model as 'a representation of the essential aspects of an existing system (or a system to be constructed) which presents knowledge of that system in usable form'.
Mathematical models can take many forms, including but not limited to dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, or game theoretic models. These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving a variety of abstract structures.
· 1 Examples of mathematical models
· 2 Background
· 3 Building blocks
· 4 Classifying mathematical models
· 5 A priori information
o 5.1 Subjective information
· 6 Complexity
· 7 Training
· 8 Model evaluation
o 8.1 Fit to empirical data
o 8.2 Scope of the model
o 8.3 Philosophical considerations
· 9 See also
· 10 References
· 11 Further reading
· 12 External links
Population Growth. A simple (though approximate) model of population growth is the Malthusian growth model. The preferred population growth model is the logistic function.
· Model of a particle in a potential-field. In this model we consider a particle as being a point of mass m which describes a trajectory which is modeled by a function x : R → R3 given its coordinates in space as a function of time. The potential field is given by a function V:R3 → R and the trajectory is a solution of the differential equation
Note this model assumes the particle is a point mass, which is certainly known to be false in many cases we use this model, for example, as a model of planetary motion.
· Model of rational behavior for a consumer. In this model we assume a consumer faces a choice of n commodities labeled 1,2,...,n each with a market price p1, p2,..., pn. The consumer is assumed to have a cardinal utility function U (cardinal in the sense that it assigns numerical values to utilities), depending on the amounts of commodities x1, x2,..., xn consumed. The model further assumes that the consumer has a budget M which she uses to purchase a vector x1, x2,..., xn in such a way as to maximize U(x1, x2,..., xn). The problem of rational behavior in this model then becomes an optimization problem, that is:
subject to:
This model has been used in general equilibrium theory, particularly to show existence and Pareto optimality of economic equilibria. However, the fact that this particular formulation assigns numerical values to levels of satisfaction is the source of criticism (and even ridicule). However, it is not an essential ingredient of the theory and again this is an idealization.
· Neighbour-sensing model explains the mushroom formation from the initially chaotic fungal network.
不区分大小写匿名
的数学模型,采用数学语言来描述一个系统。数学模型用于不仅是在自然科学和工程学科(如物理学,生物学,地球科学,气象学,以及电气工程) ,而且在社会科学(如经济学,心理学,社会学和政治学) ;物理学家,工程师,计算机科学家,经济学家使用的数学模型最广泛。
Eykhoff ( 1974 )定义了一个数学模型,为'代表权的重要方面现有的系统(或系统建造) ,其中提出了知识的系统在使用形式。
数学模型可采取多种形式,包括但不限于动力系统,统计模型,微分方程,或博弈模型。这些和其他类型的模型可以重叠,在特定的模式涉及各种抽象的结构。
? ? 1款的例子数学模型
? ? 2背景
? ?第3积木
? ?第4分类的数学模型
? ? 5先验信息
? 5.1主观信息
? ? 6日的复杂性
? ? 7日训练
? ? 8日评价模型
? 8.1适合的经验数据
? 8.2的范围模型
? 8.3哲学思考
? ? 9见也
? ? 10个参考
? ? 11日进一步阅读
? ? 12个外部链接
人口的增长。一个简单的(虽然近似)模型的人口增长率是马尔萨斯的增长模式。首选的人口增长模式是后勤职能。
? ?模型的粒子在一个潜在场。在此模型中,我们认为粒子是一个点的大规模米描述的轨迹是由一个模拟功能x :遥控? ?鉴于其R3的空间坐标作为时间函数的。潜在的领域,给出了一个函数五: R3的? ? R和轨迹是一个解决微分方程
注意:此模型假设粒子是一个点的质量,这无疑是已知是虚假的在许多情况下,我们使用这个模型,例如,作为一种模式的行星运动。
? ?模型的理性行为的消费者。在此模型中我们假设一个消费者面临着选择的n商品标示1,2 ,..., ?每一个市场价格的P1 ,肠外营养的P2 ,..., 。消费者假定有一个基数效用函数铀(枢机主教的意义,它指定数值公用事业) ,根据大量的商品象X1 , x2 ,...,差分消费。该模型进一步假设,消费者的预算M ,她用来购买载体象X1 , x2 ,...,中立的方式,以最大限度地提高铀(象X1 , x2 ,...,中立) 。问题的理性行为在这个模型然后成为一个优化问题,即:
这一模式已在一般均衡理论,特别是显示存在和帕累托最优的经济平衡。然而,这一事实尤其是制定分配数值水平的满意是源的批评(甚至嘲笑) 。然而,这并不是一个必不可少的组成部分的理论,并再次这是一个理想化。
? ?邻居遥感模型解释了蘑菇编队从最初混沌真菌网络。
>> 中文(简体)
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