我的Debian 8.0（jessie）配置文档
我的Debian& 8.0 （jessie）配置文档
1，添加软件源& su到root用户
vi& /etc/apt/sources.list&&&&& 也可用gedit& /etc/apt/sources.list&& （gnome下用，如果kde下则用 kdesudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list& 在非root用户下用才能打开。）
deb /debian jessie main non-free contrib
deb /debian jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb /debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free&& #deb-src /debian jessie main non-free contrib
#deb-src /debian jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src /debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free&
#deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free
#deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US jessie/non-US main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main contrib non-free
想用 testing或者Sid/experimental 的用户添加以下软件源。
deb /debian sid main contrib non-free
deb-src /debian sid main contrib non-free
deb /debian experimental main contrib non-free
想用搜狐的用户把163改成sohu。
2，更新系统
$ sudo aptitude update
$ sudo aptitude upgrade
$ sudo aptitude dist-upgrade
会提示没有安装sudo，那就不用sudo，直接在root#下输入sudo后面的就行了。
3，安装sudo 使普通用户有系统管理的权利
root# aptitude install sudo
root# chmod +w /etc/sudoers&&&&&& 授予sudoers 写的权限，否则为只读。
Root# vi etc/sudoers& 或者gedit /etc/sudoers&&&&&&&& 编辑& etc/sudoers
找到root 行并在下行输入你的账户，在账户后面把root后面的复制下来就行了。然后保存。vi编译器输入：wq
root# chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers&&&& 去掉sudoers 写的权限改为只读。
root# exit& 退到普通账户。
4, 安装字体和新立得软件管理器。dvd版安装的已经安装好新立得软件管理器。
$ sudo aptitude install ttf-wqy-zenhei ttf-wqy-microhei synaptic
5,安装Adobe Flash
$ sudo aptitude purge gnash
$ sudo aptitude install flashplugin-nonfree
6,kde下安装kate 文档编译器
$ sudo aptitude install kate kate-plugin
7,安装fcitx输入法
$ sudo aptitude install fcitx fcitx-table-wubi-large fcitx-ui-classic fcitx-ui-light fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-config-gtk。搜狗输入法可以去linuxdeepin源里找fcitx-sogoupinyin_0.0.1-2_amd64.deb安装。
8,安装Nvidia显卡驱动
# sudo aptitude install make gcc
# sudo aptitude install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
# sudo aptitude install nvidia-kernel-dkms nvidia-glx nvidia-settings nvidia-xconfig
最后不要忘了在root# nvidia-xconfig
9,安装ati显卡驱动
$& sudo aptitude install make gcc
$ sudo aptitude install build-essential
$ sudo aptitude install linux-headers-$(uname -r)&&
$ sudo aptitude install fglrx-driver fglrx-atieventsd fglrx-control fglrx-modules-dkms glx-alternative-fglrx amd-opencl-icd
最后不要忘了在root#& aticonfig &initial
在ati控制中心把电源管理哪项中使用电池的哪项也调到最大。
10,安装常用软件
$ sudo aptitude install xchm uget openfetion BleachBit qBitTorrent&& zhcn
11,安装tlp相当于jupiter的笔记本省电软件。
编辑软件源添加以下软件源。或者直接去下列软件源下载 tlp tlp-rdw两个软件包安装。
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/linrunner/tlp/ubuntu raring main&
$ sudo aptitude update
导入密钥：
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver
--recv-keys 02D65EFF&
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 02D65EFF&
会提示直接按回车键。
$ sudo aptitude update
$ sudo aptitude install tlp tlp-rdw&
$ sudo aptitude install tp-smapi-dkms acpica-tools& acpi acpid acpi-support
12,安装笔记本省电软件
$ sudo aptitude install& cpufreqd& powertop apmd cpufrequtils powerman powerstat asused
13，火狐浏览器iceweasel 配置
安装火狐多媒体插件
$ sudo aptitude install gecko-mediaplayer& xine-plugin totem-plugins totem-mozilla
在附件组件里安装greasemonkey 插件。在greasemonkey 插件中获取Flash2MPlayer脚本安装至。就可以用totem观看搜狐，优酷，土豆的视频了。
最后提醒安装了tlp 后不能安装chrome ，chromium 浏览器，否则会闪退。傲游浏览器能用但不能安装插件因为它基于chromium。
本文永久更新地址：
------分隔线----------------------------关于mysql操作的命令参考：
OwnCloud offers you the ability to run a cloud storage service that you administer and control yourself. The latest version, ownCloud 9.0, was released on March 8.
//OwnCloud为您提供了运行您管理和控制自己云存储服务的能力。最新版本，ownCloud 9.0，发布于3月8日。
Installing ownCloud
Let's look at the process of installing ownCloud 9.0 on a system running Debian Jessie.
//让我们来看看运行Debian Jessie的系统上安装ownCloud 9.0的过程。
1. Install required and recommended packages （安装必要的和推荐的软件包）
Begin by installing the supporting software packages. OwnCloud uses PHP and recommends MariaDB as its database. As root, install the following packages with apt-get:
//通过安装配套的软件包开始。OwnCloud使用PHP和推荐的MariaDB作为它的数据库。在root权限下使用apt-get命令安装以下软件包：
apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-json php5-gd php5-mysql php5-curl php5-intl php5-mcrypt php5-imagick
2. Download
Next, download the ownCloud 9.0 package. In this step we will also download the SHA256 hash, ownCloud's public PGP signature, and the PGP signature for the softare package. We'll use these in the following steps to verify and authenticate the software before installing it. SHA256 is the recommended verification algorithm, but if you'd prefer to verify using MD5, that hash is also available for download on ownCloud's website.
//接下来，下载ownCloud 9.0包。在这一步中，我们也将下载SHA256哈希，ownCloud的公共PGP签名、软件包PGP签名。我们将在下面的步骤中使用这些验证，并在安装之前验证软件。SHA256是推荐的验证算法，但如果你更喜欢使用MD5验证，那么ownCloud官网也可以提供哈希值的下载。
These commands use wget to download the files, but you could just as easily download them by entering the URLs into your web browser.
//使用wget命令下载以上文件，你也可以很容易地通过输入网址到浏览器下载。
wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.2.tar.bz2
wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.2.tar.bz2.sha256
wget https://owncloud.org/owncloud.asc
wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-9.0.2.tar.bz2.asc
3. Verify the integrity of the downloaded package（验证下载包的完整性）
Check that the SHA256 hash of the downloaded software archive matches the sum provided by ownCloud:
//检查下载的软件压缩包的SHA256哈希值是否与ownCloud提供的匹配：
sha256sum -c owncloud-9.0.
.tar.bz2.sha256
Successful output:
owncloud-9.0.0.tar.bz2: OK
If the sums do not match, you should not proceed! Make sure that your download is verified before performing the remaining steps.
//如果不匹配，则不应进行！
4. Import ownCloud PGP public key to GnuPG keyring（导入ownCloud PGP公钥到密钥库）
Next, we'll use GnuPG to verify authenticity of the software package. To do this, first import ownCloud's public PGP key into your GnuPG keyring.
//接下来，我们将使用GnuPG来验证软件包的真实性。要做这一点，首先导入ownCloud的公共PGP密钥到你的GnuPG密钥库。
gpg --import owncloud.asc
Successful output:
[...] gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
5. Verify authenticity of package signature（验证软件包签名的真实性）
Next, use GnuPG to verify the signature of the software package. It will check the signature against the archive, using the key you imported in the previous step.
//接下来，使用GnuPG来验证软件程序包的签名。它会检查压缩文件的签名，与上一步导入的Key进行匹配。
gpg --verify owncloud-9.0.2.tar.bz2.asc
Successful output:
[...] gpg: Good signature from "ownCloud &&"
You will receive a warning that ownCloud's signature is not yet trusted. Trusting the signature is an optional step for you to perform yourself. For more information about trusting public keys, refer to the .
//您将收到ownCloud的签名尚未信任的警告。信任签名是你自己执行可选步骤。有关信任公钥的详细信息，请参阅。
6. Extract software package
After the download is verified and authenticated, extract it.
//下载进行验证，验证后，将其解压缩。
tar xjvf owncloud-9.0.2.tar.bz2
7. Copy ownCloud directory into Apache2 document root（复制ownCloud目录到Apache2的web根目录）
Next, copy the newly-created owncloud directory and its contents into your web document root. In Debian 8, Apache2 uses /var/www/htmlas its d you can customize this location if you wish. In this tutorial, we will place owncloud directly into /var/www.
//接下来，复制新创建的owncloud目录及其内容到您的网页文档根目录。在Debian8中，Apache2 使用/ var / www / html等作为其默认文档根目录; 如果你愿意，你可以自定义这个位置。在本教程中，我们将会把owncloud直接进入的/ var / WWW。
cp -r owncloud /var/www
8. Add owncloud to Apache2 available sites（owncloud添加到现有的Apache2网站）
Now we can begin configuring Apache2. Create a copy of the default site configuration file, /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf, naming it owncloud.conf.
//现在我们可以开始配置Apache2。创建默认的站点配置文件的副本，拷贝/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf，将其重命名为owncloud.conf。
cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/owncloud.conf
9. Edit ownCoud site configuration（编辑ownCoud站点配置）
As root, open /etc/apache2/sites-available/owncloud.conf in a text editor. Make the following modifications:
Locate the ServerName line and uncomment it by removing the leading#
Change the ServerName value to match the hostname that will appear in the URL you use to access the server: for instance, or myhostname
Add the following lines to the end of the file, modifying the directory name as necessary to conform to the location where you placed owncloud:
//使用root用户，在文本编辑器中打开/etc/apache2/sites-available/owncloud.conf 。做如下修改：
找到服务器名称行，并除去它的注释 &＃&
更改服务器名称值，使用主机名或者网站域名：例如，或MYHOSTNAME
添加下列行到文件的末尾，必要时修改目录路径 ，以符合您放置owncloud的位置：
Alias /owncloud "/var/www/owncloud/"
&Directory /var/www/owncloud/&
Options +FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride All
&IfModule mod_dav.c&
&/IfModule&
SetEnv HOME /var/www/owncloud
SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/owncloud
&/Directory&
10. Symlink configuration file into /etc/apache2/sites-enabled（符号链接配置文件到/ etc / apache2的/网站启用）
Create a symbolic link to your site configuration in the directory/etc/apache2/sites-enabled:
//在目录中创建一个符号链接到您的网站配置的/ etc / apache2所启用的站点：
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/owncloud.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/owncloud.conf
11. Enable Apache2 modules（启用apache2相关模块）
OwnCloud requires mod_rewrite. Enable it:
//OwnCloud需要mod_rewrite。启用它：
a2enmod rewrite
The headers module is recommended. Enable it:
//头部推荐模块。启用它：
a2enmod headers
The env, dir, and mime modules are also recommended. These are usually enabled by default, but you can manually enable them to be safe: //也建议启用ENV，DIR和MIME这些模块。这些通常是默认启用的，但为了以防万一，最好还是手动再启用一次：
a2enmod env
a2enmod dir
a2enmod mime
12. Enable the ownCloud site configuration and restart Apache2（启用ownCloud站点配置、重启apache2）
Enable your site configuration:
//启用站点配置
a2ensite owncloud
Restart the Apache2 service so your changes take effect:
//重启apache2服务，以便使更改生效
service apache2 restart
13. Set permissions for ownCloud files（设置owncloud各文件权限）
Before you can begin configuring ownCloud, you'll need to make sure the HTTP user/group have permission to make changes to ownCloud's files. In Debian, this user and group are named www-data. Make them the owner of the owncloud directory and all its contents.
//在开始配置ownCloud前，你需要确保HTTP用户/组有权更改ownCloud的文件。在Debian中，该用户和组被命名为www-data。让它有权更改owncloud目录及其所有内容。
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/owncloud/
Next, refine these permissions. The exact permissions for the owncloud installation are:
All files should be read-write for the file owner, read-only for the group owner, and not accessible to others
All directories should be executable, read-write for the directory owner, and read-only for the group owner
The apps/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP group]
The config/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP group]
The themes/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP group]
The assets/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP group]
The data/ directory should be owned by [HTTP user]:[HTTP group]
The [ocpath]/.htaccess file should be owned by root:[HTTP group]
The data/.htaccess file should be owned by root:[HTTP group]
Both .htaccess files should be read-write for the file owner, read-only for the group owner, and not accessible to others
To conform to this permissions structure, copy and paste the following script into a new file. In this example, the script filename will be/root/oc-perms.sh. Modify the ocpath value if you are using a custom location.
//其次，细化这些权限。对于owncloud安装的确切权限是：
所有文件应该是可读写的文件所有者，只读该组的所有者，他人无法访问
所有的目录应该是可执行的，可读写的目录的拥有者，和只读的组所有者
apps/ 目录应该由[HTTP user]：[HTTP group]拥有
config/目录应该由[HTTP user]：[HTTP group]拥有
theme/目录应该由[HTTP user]：[HTTP group]拥有
assets/目录应该由[HTTP user]：[HTTP group]拥有
data/目录应该由[HTTP user]：[HTTP group]拥有
[ocpath] / htaccess文件，应该由root：[HTTP group]拥有
data/.htaccess文件应该由root：[HTTP group]拥有
两个.htaccess文件应该由文件所有者读写，只读该组的所有者，他人无法访问
为了顺应这种权限结构，复制以下脚本粘贴到一个新的文件。在本实施例中，脚本文件名 是/root/oc-perms.sh。如果您使用的是自定义位置,请修改ocpath的值。
#!/bin/bash
ocpath='/var/www/owncloud'
htuser='www-data'
htgroup='www-data'
rootuser='root'
printf "Creating possible missing Directories\n"
mkdir -p $ocpath/data
mkdir -p $ocpath/assets
printf "chmod Files and Directories\n"
find ${ocpath}/ -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0640
find ${ocpath}/ -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 0750
printf "chown Directories\n"
chown -R ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/apps/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/config/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/data/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/themes/
chown -R ${htuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/assets/
chmod +x ${ocpath}/occ
printf "chmod/chown .htaccess\n"
if [ -f ${ocpath}/.htaccess ]
chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/.htaccess
chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/.htaccess
if [ -f ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess ]
chmod 0644 ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess
chown ${rootuser}:${htgroup} ${ocpath}/data/.htaccess
Make the script executable:
//使脚本可执行
chmod u+x /root/oc-perms.sh
Execute it:
//执行它！
/root/oc-perms.sh
14. Create ownCloud database and database user
Next, prepare a database for ownCloud to use. Log in to the MariaDB client as the database root user:
//接下来，为ownCloud准备一个数据库。使用数据库的root用户登录到MariaDB：
mysql -u root -p
You will be prompted for the database root user's password. If you installed MariaDB for the first time in step 1, you were prompted to create this password. Enter it now. You will be placed at the MariaDB client prompt.
//你会被提示输入root用户的密码。如果您在步骤1中第一次安装MariaDB的，系统会提示您创建此密码。
Choose a name for your owncloud database (ocdbname), the owncloud database user (ocuser), and the password for that user (ocuserpw). Then run the following two commands at the MariaDB prompt, replacing the bracketed values with your own:
//为你的owncloud创建一个新的数据库（ocdbname），和owncloud数据库用户（ocuser）以及该用户的密码（ocuserpw）。在MariaDB的提示符下键入以下两个命令，用自己的值来替换括号内的值：
CREATE DATABASE [ocdbname];
GRANT ALL ON [ocdbname].* TO [ocuser]@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '[ocuserpw]';
Exit the database client:
15. Configure ownCloud client
Navigate a web browser to your ownCloud installation, e.g.http://myhostname/owncloud. You will be presented with fields where you can create an ownCloud administrator account, and enter the database configuration values.
//打开浏览器安装ownCloud，例如HTTP：// MYHOSTNAME / owncloud。在这里你可以创建一个ownCloud管理员账号，并输入数据库配置值。
Username and Password are values for the user who will adminis set these to whatever you like.
Database user, Database password, and Database name should conform to the [ocuser], [ocuserpw], and [ocdbname] values you created in the previous step.
Click Finish setup.
Congratulations! You're ready to start using ownCloud.
//用户名和密码设置为任何你喜欢的。
数据库用户，数据库密码和数据库名称 对应你在上一步创建的[ocuser] ，[ocuserpw]和[ocdbname]值。
点击完成设置。
恭喜！你准备好开始使用ownCloud。
Optional: Using SSL（可选：使用SSL）
It's advisable to encrypt the network traffic that will pass in and out of ownCloud. Here are a few steps to get HTTPS up and running with your installation.
//在使用owncloud期间，最好使用加密网络通信。这里有几个步骤获得HTTPS。
1. Enable SSL in Apache2
//打开Apache的SSL功能
a2enmod ssl
a2ensite default-ssl
2. Add SSL Virtualhost configuration to owncloud.conf
//在owncloud.conf内添加SSL虚拟主机的配置
Apache2 comes with a default SSL site configuration, located in/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf. Copy the contents of this file and paste them into the top of owncloud.conf. Within the&VirtualHost _default_:443& section, make the following modifications:
//Apache2中带有一个默认的SSL站点配置，位于/etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf。复制此文件中的内容并粘贴到owncloud.conf配置文件顶部，然后将其中的&VirtualHost _default_：443&部分，进行以下修改：
Add a ServerName line with your hostname as the value, e.g.:
//使用你的主机名添加一个服务器名，例如：
ServerName myhostname
Edit the DocumentRoot line to reflect the parent directory of the owncloud installation, e.g.:
//编辑DocumentRoot，使用owncloud的安装路径：
DocumentRoot /var/www/
3. Generate a new certificate/key pair, if necessary
//生成新的证书/密钥对，如果有必要
The &VirtualHost _default_:443& section already contains three important lines for enabling SSL when the site is accessed by HTTPS:
// &VirtualHost_default_：443&部分已经包含了三条重要命令来开启SSL：
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
The SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateKeyFile values point to files that should already exist on your system, installed as part of the defaultopenssl and ssl-cert packages. However, you may need to regenerate these files under certain circumstances -- if you make changes to the configuration in /etc/hosts, for instance.
//该SSLCertificateFile和SSLCertificateKeyFile值指向您的系统，OpenSSL和SSL证书包作为安装的一部分。但是在某些情况下您可能需要重新生成这些文件--如果您更改了/ etc / hosts文件的配置
If you need to regenerate these files, use the command:
//如果您需要重新生成这些文件，使用下面的命令：
make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil --force-overwrite
For more information, and for troubleshooting certificate errors, refer to the notes in /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz.
//有关详细信息，以及证书错误故障排除，请参考笔记/usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz。
4. Reload Apache2 configuration
service apache2 reload
You should now be able to access your ownCloud installation using anhttps:// URL. Note that you will receive a warning in your web browser because your certificate is self-signed. You will need to manually add your site as an exception before establishing the secure connection.
//现在，您应该可以使用https：//开头的URL访问您的ownCloud。请注意，Web浏览器将收到一条警告，因为你的证书是自签名的。您将需要建立安全连接之前，手动添加您的网站作为受信站点。
Ubuntu16.04 ownCloud 9.0 安装参考
阅读(...) 评论()在Debian上安装配置ownCloud
&据其官方网站，ownCloud可以让你通过一个Web界面或者WebDAV访问你的文件。它还提供了一个平台，可以轻松地查看、编辑和同步您所有设备的通讯录、日历和书签。尽管ownCloud与广泛使用Dropbox非常相似，但主要区别在于ownCloud是免费的，开源的，从而可以自己的服务器上建立与Dropbox类似的云存储服务。使用ownCloud你可以完整地访问和控制您的私人数据，而对存储空间（除了硬盘容量）或客户端的连接数量没有限制。
ownCloud提供了社区版（免费）和企业版（面向企业的有偿支持）。预编译的ownCloud社区版可以提供了CentOS、Debian、Fedora、openSUSE、，SLE和Ubuntu版本。本教程将演示如何在Debian Wheezy上安装和在配置ownCloud社区版。
在Debian上安装 ownCloud
进入官方网站：&http://owncloud.org&，并点击&Install&按钮（右上角）。
为当前的版本选择&Packages for auto updates&（下面的图是v7）。这可以让你轻松的让你使用的ownCloud与Debian的包管理系统保持一致，包是由ownCloud社区维护的。
在下一屏中点击继续：
在可用的列表中选择Debian 7 [Wheezy]：
加入ownCloud的官方Debian仓库：
# echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/ownCloud:/community/Debian_7.0/ /' && /etc/apt/sources.list.d/owncloud.list
加入仓库密钥到apt中：
# wget http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:ownCloud:community/Debian_7.0/Release.key
# apt-key add - & Release.key
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